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Short lessons that explain one thing properly. Search for a word, or pick a subject and read it through from the basics.

Lessons found

27 of 58 lessons, intermediate level Show all lessons

Cyber security fundamentals

How attacks work, in plain words: ransomware, phishing, malware and the flaws they use.

3 of 8 lessons shown

  1. How ransomware attacks work The three stages of a ransomware attack, how attackers get in, why they go after backups, and what to put in place before it happens. Intermediate 3 min read
  2. What is a zero-day vulnerability? A zero-day is a software weakness that attackers can use before a fix exists. What that means for a business, and what protects you meanwhile. Intermediate 3 min read
  3. What is a CVE? A CVE is the public reference number for one security vulnerability. Who assigns them, how to read one, and what a severity score adds. Intermediate 3 min read

Identity, passwords and access

Proving who is signing in: multi-factor authentication, passkeys, password managers and single sign-on.

2 of 6 lessons shown

  1. How multi-factor authentication works What happens behind a text code, an authenticator app, an approval prompt and a passkey, and why only some of them stop a fake sign-in page. Intermediate 3 min read
  2. Passwords vs passkeys: what’s the difference? A password is a secret you share with a website. A passkey shares nothing. How the two compare, and how a business moves from one to the other. Intermediate 3 min read

Data security and encryption

How data is kept unreadable to anyone who should not see it: encryption, certificates, TLS and hashing.

5 of 8 lessons shown

  1. Encryption at rest vs encryption in transit Data can be encrypted where it is stored and while it travels. What each one protects against, where each stops, and why you need both. Intermediate 3 min read
  2. What is public key encryption? Public key encryption uses two linked keys: one you share and one you keep. How the pair works, and where your business already relies on it. Intermediate 3 min read
  3. What is a digital certificate? A digital certificate ties a public key to a name, and a trusted authority signs it. What is inside one, who vouches for it, and why it expires. Intermediate 3 min read
  4. What is TLS? TLS is the protocol that secures a connection between two computers. What it promises, how the handshake works, and which versions to allow. Intermediate 3 min read
  5. Encryption vs hashing: what’s the difference? Encryption can be reversed with a key. Hashing cannot be reversed at all. What each is for, and which one should protect what. Intermediate 3 min read

Backups and disaster recovery

Keeping a copy you can get back: the 3-2-1 rule, the kinds of backup, and backup against archive.

2 of 4 lessons shown

  1. Full vs incremental vs differential backups Three ways a backup decides what to copy each time, what each costs in time and storage, and what each one needs when you restore. Intermediate 3 min read
  2. Backup vs archive: what’s the difference? A backup is for getting back to work after a loss. An archive is for keeping records you must be able to find years later. Why you need both. Intermediate 3 min read

Cloud computing

What the cloud is and how it works: service models, virtual machines, containers and serverless.

4 of 7 lessons shown

  1. How cloud computing works What sits behind a cloud service: data centres and regions, virtualisation, a meter on what you use, and security duties shared with the provider. Intermediate 3 min read
  2. Public cloud vs private cloud vs hybrid cloud Public, private and hybrid describe who a cloud is built for. What each one means, how they really differ, and how a small business can choose. Intermediate 3 min read
  3. What is a container? A container packages one application with the files it needs. How it differs from a virtual machine, why developers use containers, and what to ask about yours. Intermediate 3 min read
  4. What is serverless computing? Serverless means the cloud provider runs the servers and you pay only when your code runs. How it works, where it fits, and what to ask a developer. Intermediate 3 min read

Cloud platforms and storage

The three big platforms side by side, and the kinds of storage they sell.

2 of 6 lessons shown

  1. AWS vs Azure vs Google Cloud: what’s the difference? The three big cloud platforms rent out much the same things. What they share, the differences a small business would notice, and how the choice is made. Intermediate 3 min read
  2. Object storage vs block storage vs file storage Cloud providers sell three kinds of storage. How object, block and file storage each hold data, what each is used for and which one a job needs. Intermediate 3 min read

Websites, hosting and domains

What happens between typing an address and seeing a page: domains, DNS, hosting, HTTPS and CDNs.

4 of 9 lessons shown

  1. What DNS is, and why your business depends on it DNS turns your domain name into the addresses that run your website and email. What the records mean, and how to change them safely. Intermediate 2 min read
  2. Domain name vs web hosting: what’s the difference? The domain name is the address and the hosting is where the website lives. Why they are separate, and why the business should hold both logins. Intermediate 3 min read
  3. HTTP vs HTTPS: what’s the difference? HTTP sends web pages in the open and HTTPS sends them encrypted. What visitors see in the browser, and what moving a site to HTTPS involves. Intermediate 3 min read
  4. What is a content delivery network (CDN)? A CDN keeps copies of your website on servers in many places, so each visitor is served from one nearby. What it speeds up and what it cannot. Intermediate 3 min read

Search and website performance

Being found and being fast: how search engines read a site, caching and Core Web Vitals.

2 of 4 lessons shown

  1. What is technical SEO? Technical SEO is the part that makes sure search engines can reach, read and store your pages. What robots.txt, sitemaps and canonical addresses do. Intermediate 3 min read
  2. Core Web Vitals, explained Three measurements Google uses to judge how a page feels to use: how fast it loads, how quickly it responds and how steady it is. Intermediate 2 min read

Networks and business IT

The equipment in the comms cupboard and what it does: addresses, routers, firewalls, VLANs and VPNs.

3 of 6 lessons shown

  1. Public IP vs private IP addresses A public address can be reached from anywhere. A private one only works inside your office. What that means for remote access and hosting. Intermediate 3 min read
  2. Router vs switch vs access point: what’s the difference? A router joins your office to the internet, a switch connects wired devices, and an access point provides Wi-Fi. How to tell which one you need. Intermediate 3 min read
  3. What is a VLAN? A VLAN splits one office network into several separate ones on the same cables. What it is used for, and the equipment it needs. Intermediate 3 min read

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